Nova Vacuum Speed

When a nova explosion occurs in a star, experiments indicate that the mass density is sometimes about 10^11 kilograms per cubic meter. That is about a million times more dense than the rocks on Earth. The density of the Earth is about 5.513*10^3 kg per cubic meter. This essay announces a guiding principle for calculating the gravitational environment near a nova or white dwarf star. When gravity has relativistic intensity, a nova action is predicted. To judge the space relative to matter, a new variable is used: S. Here is the formula for S, the characteristic Speed of Space due to The Gravity Continuum being affected by matter:

S = p/A

S is the characteristic velocity of vacuum near a star, the speed of space
p = NV/tau = momentum of free space near a star
N = number of protons and neutrons in a star
V is the volume of a proton, when r is .95fm
tau = 5.131534 nanoseconds = a Universal Constant
A = area of a sphere around a star
R = radius of a sphere around a white dwarf star or reactor cortex

p is the momentum of the vacuum. Momentum can be calculated as mass times velocity or by a second formula. The new guiding principle calculates the momentum of the vacuum to be volume divided by time. The volume of baryons (protons and neutrons) in a planet is V times N. The time tau is 5.1ns, The Universal Constant for the Conservation of Continuum. That tau has been confirmed on six planets and two stars.

When the characteristic Speed S equals the speed of light (c), the density is shown in this essay to be about 10^11 kilograms per cubic meter for a star with a radius like Earth. To begin, the Earth will be evaluated to calculate S, and then a pre-nova star will be used in a second calculation. Here are the main formulas for Table 1: Speed of Space, Density (rho) and Mass of a Nova:

Speed of Space = V rho R / (3 m tau)

Density of Nova = 3 m c tau / (V R)

Mass of Nova = m * (4 pi R² c tau) / V

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Earth Example Calculation

For the Earth, its low density causes S to be about 5 meters per second, as the next calculation shows:

S = p/A

p = NV/5.1ns = momentum of vacuum near Earth

p = (3.5692*10^51 baryons) * (3.591364*10^-45 meter^3) / (5.131534*10^-9 seconds)

A = area of Earth = 5.08*10^14 sq meters

So run the numbers, :

S = 4.91722 meters per second.

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Nova

For a star, the high density causes S to be about c, as the next calculation shows:

S = p/A
Speed of space equals momentum divided by the area of the star

Here is the result

rho = density = 3 c tau m / RV

The table next shows how the density for Nova action varies with radius R. When S is c, a Nova is a candidate theory.

Table 1 : Radius and Density for Nova

Radius R	Density rho	Notes	Mass	Comment
1016 meters	102 kg per meter3	one light year of pillow	1051	Low density nova
1015	103
1014	104		1047	Earth density 50x past Neptune
1013	105		1045 kg
1012	106		1043 kg
1011	107			Galaxy Mass
1010	108		1039
109	109
108	1010		1035
107	3.4*1011	Earth Radius	3.6*1032 kg	Nova Ref. 1
106	1012		1031	Sun Mass
105	1013	Vesta size
104	2.1*1014		1027	Jupiter Mass
103	1015
102	1016	pyramid size	1023	Earth Mass
101	1017	4.6 meter sphere dense as proton	1.9*1020 kg	rho=4.66*1017 kg/meter3
100	1018	2x denser than proton	1019
10-1	1019	20x denser than proton	1017	4 inch ball nova
meters	kg/meter3	Notes	Kilograms	Comments

February 19, 2016